连接“人”与“物”的统一桥梁，精准构建复合句表达
一、that 的语法角色与引导功能
在定语从句中，关系代词 that 可用于修饰人或物，既可在从句中作主语，也可作宾语。与 who 和 which 相比，that 更具广泛适用性，尤其适合用于**限制性定语从句（限定性修饰）**中。
示例结构：
- 作主语：The student that won the prize is my classmate.
- 作宾语：The book that I borrowed was very interesting.
二、典型应用与功能场景
1. 修饰“人”
The man that helped me is my uncle.
（等同于：The man who helped me is my uncle.）
2. 修饰“物”
I found the key that you lost.
（等同于：… key which you lost）
3. 先行词既包括人又包括物，必须使用 that
I met people and things that changed my life.
三、that 与 who / which 的选择对比
| 修饰对象 | 可用关系代词 |
|---|---|
| 人 | that / who |
| 物 | that / which |
| 人 + 物 | ✅ 只能用 that |
| 限制性从句（关键信息） | 推荐用 that |
⛔ 错误例句：
- The students which study hard will succeed. ❌
✅ 正确表达：The students that study hard will succeed.
四、句式演练与转换示例
原始信息：
- This is the car. The car runs fast.
✅ 合并句：This is the car that runs fast. - I know the teacher. You mentioned the teacher yesterday.
✅ 合并句：I know the teacher that you mentioned yesterday. - He showed me the documents. They proved his identity.
✅ 合并句：He showed me the documents that proved his identity.
五、写作范文片段提升
During my internship, I worked on a project that required both technical knowledge and teamwork.
I still remember the advice that my mentor gave me on my first day.
以上例句展现了 that 在正式写作中如何连接信息、延展句意、增强逻辑结构。
六、语法精要小结
- that 可修饰人和物，功能更广；
- 常用于限制性定语从句中，提供核心描述；
- 不能用于非限制性定语从句（即逗号后的插入描述）中；
- 遇到人+物混合先行词，只能使用 that。
掌握 that 引导的定语从句，是英语句式高级化的重要一环。它让你表达更加紧凑、逻辑更清晰，适用于书面写作、演讲表达及考试作文。我们的「李校来了英语智能训练系统」现已开放定语从句专项模块，系统涵盖句型改写、主从识别、自动评估与错因分析，帮助学生从理解走向运用，真正夯实语法基础、提升表达能力。