come down with固定搭配讲解:含义、用法与例句

come down with是英语中常见的动词短语,主要用于表示生病。本节讲解其基本释义、典型例句、使用场景,并辨析与come down、come up with等相关短语的区别,适合阅读与写作训练积累。

固定搭配讲解:come down with

本节主要讲解动词短语 come down with。该搭配在高考英语的完形填空、阅读理解以及听力对话中均有出现,尤其常见于医疗、健康类话题。掌握它的准确含义、使用场景以及与其他 come down 短语的区别,有助于提升阅读理解的准确度和写作表达的自然度。


一、发音与基本释义

come down with /kʌm daʊn wɪð/

英文释义:to become ill with a particular disease, usually a minor one such as a cold or flu.

中文释义:患病,染上(疾病),通常指感染感冒、流感等常见病症。

该短语为及物动词短语,后面必须接表示疾病的名词作宾语,不能单独使用。常见的宾语包括:a cold, the flu, a fever, a headache, a cough, a virus, pneumonia 等。

  • 结构:come down with + 疾病名词
  • 时态变化:come → came → come(过去分词)
  • 语体:中性偏口语,适用于日常对话和书面叙述

二、词源与语义演变

come down 在古英语中本义为”下来、落下”,with 表示”伴随”。该短语最早出现于19世纪中期的英语文献中,最初用于描述”因某种疾病而倒下”的状态。随着语言演变,其含义逐渐固定为”感染上某种疾病”,强调从健康状态转为患病状态的过程,而非强调疾病的严重程度。

需要注意的是,该短语通常用于较轻微的、常见的疾病。在正式医学文献中,描述严重疾病时更倾向使用 contract 或 be diagnosed with。


三、医院就诊场景对话

以下对话模拟患者在医院就诊时描述突发病症的过程,展示 come down with 在真实就医语境中的自然用法。

Doctor: Good morning. What seems to be the problem?

Patient: I think I’ve come down with something. I started feeling weak yesterday evening, and this morning I had a terrible sore throat and a runny nose.

Doctor: I see. Have you taken your temperature?

Patient: Yes, it was 38.2°C last night. I also came down with a headache around midnight, and I couldn’t sleep well.

Doctor: Let me check your throat. It looks red and swollen. You’ve probably come down with the flu. I’ll prescribe some medicine, and you should rest for a few days.

Patient: Thank you, doctor. I hope I’ll recover soon.

—— 原创模拟题

对话分析:

  • “I’ve come down with something” 使用现在完成时,强调”已经患病”这一结果对现在的影响,something 在此处不具体指明病名,是口语中常见的模糊表达。
  • “I came down with a headache” 使用一般过去时,描述过去某个时间点开始出现的症状。
  • “You’ve probably come down with the flu” 使用现在完成时,表示医生对病因的推测。
  • 注意:描述症状时,sore throat(喉咙痛)和 runny nose(流鼻涕)常与 have 或 get 搭配,而 come down with 更强调”染上”这一动作或过程。

四、三个不同场景的例句

场景一:日常对话(朋友之间)

She had to cancel the trip because she came down with a bad cold the day before departure.

她不得不取消旅行,因为出发前一天她得了重感冒。

解析:came down with 使用一般过去时,描述过去发生的患病事件。a bad cold 是常见搭配,bad 在此处表示”严重的”。

场景二:学校/工作场景

Several students in the class have come down with the flu, so the school has decided to disinfect the classrooms.

班上有好几个学生染上了流感,所以学校决定对教室进行消毒。

解析:have come down with 使用现在完成时,强调多个学生相继患病这一现状。the flu 前加定冠词,特指流感这种疾病。

场景三:新闻报道/书面叙述

According to the hospital report, more than fifty people came down with food poisoning after eating at the restaurant.

根据医院的报告,五十多人在该餐厅用餐后食物中毒。

解析:came down with food poisoning 表示”染上食物中毒”,food poisoning 作为疾病名称作宾语。该句为书面叙述,体现 come down with 在正式语境中的适用性。


五、常见搭配与用法总结

  • come down with a cold — 感冒
  • come down with the flu — 得流感
  • come down with a fever — 发烧
  • come down with a headache — 头痛
  • come down with a cough — 咳嗽
  • come down with a virus — 感染病毒
  • come down with pneumonia — 得肺炎
  • come down with food poisoning — 食物中毒
  • come down with something — 生病了(不具体指明)

语法要点:

  • come down with 为”动词 + 副词 + 介词”结构,宾语放在 with 之后,不可拆分。
  • 正确:She came down with a cold.
  • 错误:She came a cold down with.(语序错误)
  • 该短语不用于被动语态。不可以说 “A cold was come down with.”

六、易混淆短语辨析

come down 可以搭配不同的介词构成含义完全不同的短语,学习者需要注意区分。

1. come down with — 患病,染上(疾病)

He came down with a serious case of bronchitis last winter.

去年冬天他得了严重的支气管炎。

2. come down to — 归结为,归根结底是

In the end, it all comes down to how much effort you are willing to put in.

归根结底,这一切都取决于你愿意付出多少努力。

解析:come down to 表示”最终归结为某一因素”,后接名词或动名词,不表示患病。

3. come down on — 批评,斥责;向……施压

The teacher came down on the students for not handing in their homework on time.

老师因为学生没有按时交作业而严厉批评了他们。

解析:come down on 表示”对某人进行批评或惩罚”,后接表示人的名词或代词。

4. come down — 下降,减少;传下来

House prices have come down significantly over the past year.

过去一年房价大幅下降。

解析:come down 单独使用时表示”下降、降低”,不接 with 时含义完全不同。

辨析总结表:

  • come down with + 疾病 → 患病
  • come down to + 名词/动名词 → 归结为
  • come down on + 人 → 批评、斥责
  • come down(单独使用)→ 下降、减少

在「李校来啦英语」AI英语提升系统中,这类易混淆短语通常会结合具体语境进行对比训练,帮助学习者在阅读中快速判断词义。


七、小练习

用 come down with, come down to, come down on 或 come down 的适当形式填空。

  1. After working day and night for a week, he ________ a high fever and had to see a doctor.
  2. The success of the project ________ whether the team can cooperate effectively.
  3. The manager ________ the employees for ignoring the safety rules.
  4. The temperature has ________ sharply since the cold front arrived.
  5. Many children in the kindergarten have ________ the flu this month.

参考答案与解析:

  1. came down with — 描述过去患病,接疾病名词 a high fever。
  2. comes down to — 表示”归结为”,后接 whether 引导的从句。
  3. came down on — 表示”批评”,后接人 the employees。
  4. come down — 单独使用,表示”下降”,此处为现在完成时 has come down。
  5. come down with — 现在完成时,表示”染上”,接 the flu。

八、写作中的运用建议

在高考英语写作中,come down with 可用于以下话题:

  • 健康生活类作文:描述因不良生活习惯而患病。
  • 叙事类作文:描述某次因生病而改变计划的经历。
  • 建议信:提醒朋友注意身体,避免染上疾病。

示例句:

If you don’t get enough sleep, you are more likely to come down with a cold or the flu.

如果睡眠不足,你更有可能感冒或得流感。

该句结构清晰,适合用于健康类话题的写作中,既体现了因果逻辑,又使用了地道的固定搭配。