定语从句核心用法:who / which / that 的选择逻辑

定语从句的本质不是“加长句子”,而是“筛选信息”。本文通过清晰示例讲解 who、which、that 的核心用法差异,结合写作常见错误与实战训练,帮助学习者在阅读和写作中快速判断、正确使用定语从句。

搞懂“修饰谁”,英语句子立刻清楚不绕

🔍 一、定语从句到底在“干什么”?

很多人学定语从句时只记住一句话:

“用来修饰名词。”

但在真实语境中,它真正的功能是——
👉 从一堆可能性中,精准指出“你说的是哪一个”。

📌 看一个对比:

  • I like the students.(学生太多,不清楚是谁)
  • I like the students who work hard.(范围立刻缩小)

👉 这就是定语从句存在的意义。


🧩 二、基本结构速览(先不纠结细节)

标准结构:

名词(先行词) + 关系代词 + 补充信息

📘 示例:

The house that stands near the river is very old.

  • 修饰对象:the house
  • 补充信息:stands near the river

👨 三、什么时候一定要用 who

who 只做一件事:指人,并在从句中作主语

📗 示例:

  • The doctor who helped me was very kind.
  • She is someone who never gives up.

🧠 判断方法:
1️⃣ 先看先行词是不是“人”
2️⃣ 再看从句中缺不缺“主语”
✔️ 两个条件同时满足 → 用 who


🧱 四、什么时候该用 which

which = 指物 / 事 / 概念

📗 示例:

  • I bought a laptop which runs very fast.
  • The plan which he suggested sounds reasonable.

⚠️ 提醒:
如果你能用 it 来指代这个名词,大概率就该用 which


🔄 五、that 为什么被称为“安全选项”?

在基础阶段,that 是最不容易出错的选择

📘 示例:

  • The movie that made me cry was based on a true story.
  • The girl that sits behind me is very quiet.

📌 实用原则(考试 & 写作友好):
👉 人 / 物都可以
👉 不确定时,用 that 几乎不会扣分


⚠️ 六、写作中最常见的 3 类错误

The man which is talking is my uncle.
✔️ The man who / that is talking is my uncle.

I like the things who you bought.
✔️ I like the things which / that you bought.

She is a person she works very hard.
✔️ She is a person who works very hard.

📌 本质问题:
👉 该用从句时,误用了完整句。


✍️ 七、写作实战:让句子更“有指向性”

🔹 原句(模糊)

He chose a job. The job suits him.

🔹 合并后

He chose a job that suits him.

🔹 写作加分版

He chose a job that suits him and offers long-term growth.


定语从句最适合用在 观点句 + 举例句 中,用来限定对象。


📝 八、练习任务(快速判断)

在空格处填入合适的关系代词:

  1. I admire people ___ stay calm under pressure.
  2. This is the reason ___ explains his decision.
  3. The book ___ lies on the desk is mine.

👉 参考答案:

  1. who / that
  2. which / that
  3. which / that

很多同学不是不会语法,而是反应太慢
李校来啦AI英语 的句型识别训练中,你会反复接触真实写作场景,系统会引导你先判断“修饰谁”,再自动匹配合适的关系代词。
当判断变成直觉,定语从句就不再是难点,而是工具。